Von Neumann
Architecture also known as the Von Neumann model, the
computer consisted of a CPU, memory and I/O devices. The program is stored in
the memory. The CPU fetches an instruction from the memory at a time and
executes it.
Thus, the instructions are executed sequentially which is a slow
process. Neumann m/c are called control flow computer because instruction are
executed sequentially as controlled by a program counter. To increase the
speed, parallel processing of computer have been developed in which serial
CPU’s are connected in parallel to solve a problem. Even in parallel computers,
the basic building blocks are Neumann processors.
The von Neumann architecture is a design model for a
stored-program digital computer that uses a processing unit and a single
separate storage structure to hold both instructions and data. It is named
after mathematician and early computer scientist John von Neumann. Such a
computer implements a universal Turing machine, and the common "referential
model" of specifying sequential architectures, in contrast with parallel
architectures.
One shared memory for instructions (program) and data with one
data bus and one address bus between processor and memory. Instructions and
data have to be fetched in sequential order (known as the Von Neuman
Bottleneck), limiting the operation bandwidth. Its design is simpler than that
of the Harvard architecture. It is mostly used to interface to external memory.
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