A computer can process data, pictures, sound and graphics. They
can solve highly complicated problems quickly and accurately. A computer as
shown in Fig. performs basically five major computer operations or
functions irrespective of their size and make. These are
1) it accepts data or instructions by way of input,
2) it stores data,
3) it can process data as required by the user,
4) it gives results in the form of output, and
5) it controls all operations inside a computer.
We discuss below each of these Computer operations
Fig : Basic computer Operations
1. Input: This is the process of entering data and
programs in to the computer system. You should know that computer is an
electronic machine like any other machine which takes as inputs raw data and
performs some processing giving out processed data. Therefore, the input unit
takes data from us to the computer in an organized manner for processing.
2. Storage: The process of saving data and instructions
permanently is known as storage. Data has to be fed into the system before the
actual processing starts. It is because the processing speed of Central
Processing Unit (CPU) is so fast that the data has to be provided to CPU with
the same speed. Therefore the data is first stored in the storage unit for
faster access and processing. This storage unit or the primary storage of the
computer system is designed to do the above functionality. It provides space
for storing data and instructions.
The storage unit performs the following major functions:
• All data and instructions are stored here before and after
processing.
• Intermediate results of processing are also stored here.
3. Processing: The task of performing
operations like arithmetic and logical operations is called processing. The
Central Processing Unit (CPU) takes data and instructions from the storage unit
and makes all sorts of calculations based on the instructions given and the
type of data provided. It is then sent back to the storage unit.
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